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Wilson’s model of information seeking behaviour, was born out of a need to focus the field of information and library science on human use of information, rather than the use of information systems and sources.〔1〕 Previous studies undertaken in the field were primarily concerned with systems, specifically, how an individual uses a system.〔2〕 Very little had been written that examined an individual’s information needs, or how information seeking behaviour related to other task-oriented behaviours.〔3〕 Wilson’s first model had its origins in a presentation at the University of Maryland in 1971 when “an attempt was made to map the processes involved in what was known at the time as “user need research”.〔4〕 ==Wilson’s first model== Published in 1981, Wilson’s first model outlined the factors leading to information seeking, and the barriers inhibiting action.〔5〕 It stated that information-seeking was prompted by an individual’s physiological, cognitive, or affective needs, which have their roots in personal factors, role demands, or environmental context.〔6〕 In order to satisfy these needs, an individual makes demands upon a system by acting as an intermediary, or through the use of technology.〔7〕 The information provided by the system is then evaluated to determine if it satisfies the individual’s needs.〔8〕 This first model was based on an understanding of human information seeking behaviors that are best understood as three interwoven frameworks: The user, the information system, and the information resource.〔9〕 First Revision in 1994 Wilson later built upon his original model in order to understand the personal circumstance, social role, and environmental context in which an information need is created.〔10〕 This new model, altered in 1994 incorporated Ellis’ stages of information-seeking: starting, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, extracting, verifying and ending.〔11〕 It also displayed the physiological, affective, and cognitive needs that give rise to information seeking behaviour.〔12〕 The model recognized that an information need is not a need in and of itself, but rather one that stems from a previous psychological need. These needs are generated by the interplay of personal habits and political, economic, and technological factors in an individual’s environmental.〔13〕 The factors that drive needs can also obstruct an individual’s search for information. Second Revision in 1996 In 1996 Wilson proposed a third model that built upon the previous two. This model incorporated several new elements that helped to demonstrate the stages experienced by the ‘person in context’, or searcher, when looking for information. These included an intermediate stage between the acknowledgement of a need and the initiation of action,〔14〕 a redefining of the barriers he proposed in his second model as “intervening variables”〔15〕 to show that factors can be supportive or preventative 〔16〕 a feedback loop, and an “activating mechanism” stage.〔17〕 'Activating mechanisms’ identify relevant impetus that prompt a decision to seek information, and integrate behavioural theories such as ‘stress/coping theory’, ‘risk/reward theory’ and ‘social learning theory’. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wilson's model of Information Behavior」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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